When I first learned to write when I was a child, I used a hexagonal pencil with an eraser, which was cheap and easy to hold and easy to correct. The pencil is made up of a pencil lead and the wood outside, but it is not as simple as it is to put the pencil lead in.
Although the pencil is called a pencil, the refill is lead-free, mainly graphite, a kind of carbon element, because the color is almost the same as lead, it is called by mistake ...
The raw materials for making pencil lead pencils are mainly black graphite powder and white clay powder. The marked HB, 1B, 2B ... As the number in front of B becomes larger, it means that the less clay added during production, the softer the pencil core, the thicker the color, the general elementary school students use HB, need to fill in the answer card It is 2B. There are 2H, 3H, 4H lighter than HB ...
In order to mix the graphite slurry thoroughly, rotate the steel drum for up to 24 hours. At the same time, add water to make the mixing more complete. The final result is a uniform and smooth graphite slurry.
Filter press drying The graphite slurry is poured into the rows of mesh membranes in the filter press. The filter press is like an oversized vise to press the water out, and the wet and soft graphite slurry becomes dry powder.
The process of pressing out the juice ...
After air-drying and hardening for five hours, pieces of hard graphite clay mixture can be removed from the mold. It's not over yet! It must be air-dried for another two days before such a graphite block is considered sufficiently hard.
After grinding into powder, put the graphite block into the extruder and grind it into powder, then add water to the mixed powder to make it into a hard dough.
Powerful knocking Next, the pencil core powder is knocked into a cylindrical mold with an ultra-violent electric hammer. This powerful knocking can effectively eliminate the air in the powder and prevent gaps in the production process of the refill.
After this dazzling series of dry-wet-dry-wet tossing, the graphite pellets are finally even and stable, and the powder pellets removed from the mold will be pressed into pencil cores!
To form a refill, first put a cylindrical mold filled with mixed powder into the extruder. The machine will push the mixed powder into a smaller mold. Just like pressing noodles, the pencil core will be squeezed out ...
At this time, the pencil core is still very fragile, and it is easy to break when it is squeezed. If it is hardened, it must be sent to the kiln to burn ~ ultra-high temperature can make the clay mixed in the pencil core work, which makes the pencil core hard. It is also the reason why the clay and graphite have been ravaged in the past.
The pencil wood body sends the plate-shaped cedar wood into the slot machine. The texture of the cedar wood is straight and strong. It is only suitable for making a pencil.
Slotting the board Here, the slot is to engrave 8 grooves on a wooden board and wait to put 8 pencil leads.
Injecting glue first inject glue into the 8 grooves of the board.
Put in the refill. The refill is accurately inserted into the groove on the rotating roller conveyor belt according to a group of eight. It is as accurate as the meshing of the gear. The glue previously injected can fix the refill at this time.
The pencil sandwich flipper then covered another slotted board to make a pencil sandwich. This is how the refill is put in the pencil, and it's not our brain to make up at all: make holes in the wood and stuff the refill.
The boards that are cut and formed together are sent to the forming machine for cutting. The eight hexagonal pencils are cut at once. The reason why the hexagonal pencil has six flat faces is to prevent the pencil from rolling randomly.
Just cut a row of pencils from the machine, this method of forming cutting and "how are toothpicks cut out one by one?" "Almost the same.
Pencils are dyed vertically arranged pencils, the bottommost one will always be pushed into the dye machine.
Yellow pencil coming out of the dye machine. The data records that in the 1890s, American pencil manufacturers began to use yellow pigments, because yellow pigments were cheap at that time ... Under the "path dependence", yellow gradually became the representative color of high-quality pencils.
After the pigment is dried, it must be printed with logo and other production information.
Each eraser of the pen tip rubber first wears a metal fastener called "ferrule".
Then the mechanical arm presses the pen body, and the small hammer presses the rubber head into the ferrule.
To tighten the ferrule, there are two metal strikers on the left and right sides of each pencil, and the pen body, ferrule and rubber head are fixed together with a strong poke.
The pencil with a rubber tip after it is finished.
The packaging process of putting on the box.
Some pencils will help you "cut" before leaving the factory, but they are not used for sharpening, but for polishing ...
Is it shocking that a pencil can write as long as 56 kilometers? Depends on the method of testing the writing length and poking "factory test of ballpoint pen, I can watch one night".
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