Application of Entropy Weighted Double-Base Point Method in Comprehensive Economic Scale Evaluation of Packaging and Printing Industry

[This paper adopts a new method of determining the economic scale-entropy weight double base point method, which provides a more scientific basis for the comprehensive evaluation of packaging and printing enterprises. According to the degree of superiority calculated by the entropy weighted double-base point method, the economic scale of the enterprise when the number of employees is less than 800 can be seen to be relatively good. Increasing the printing output of books and publications and the offset printing output can not increase the favorable status of the enterprise, prompting The economic scale of enterprises is developing in a better direction. When the output of books and periodicals is 300,000 reams and the output of offset printing is 500,000 pairs, the increase in output can, to a certain extent, improve the degree of superiority of enterprises and encourage enterprises to The economic scale is developing in a better direction. 】


As one of the seven major metropolitan industries in Shanghai, the packaging and printing industry is of great significance for improving urban functions, making full use of the unique resources of cities, and broadening the channels for employment. It plays an extremely important role in promoting Shanghai's national economic development and social progress. Shanghai is China's old packaging and printing base, and many companies have already embarked on the road of group-scale operations, and have formed a high level of cooperation in production management, specialization, and division of labor. At present, the total output of the Shanghai packaging and printing industry is considerable, but due to the large number of enterprises, the average annual output of individual enterprises is very small, which is a great obstacle to the professionalization of production in the packaging and printing industry. Under the current situation of China's market, technology, and capital, it is necessary to adjust the structure of the company's scale and to carry out planning and construction on an economic scale. It is from this purpose that the research on the economic scale of the Shanghai packaging and printing industry is based on this purpose.

First, the principle of entropy double base point method

There are many deficiencies in the methods used to determine the economic scale in the past, such as the lack of human interference when determining the weight of each index in the analytic hierarchy process. Therefore, this paper adopts another new method to determine the economic scale-the entropy weight bi-base point method.

The basic concept of entropy

The concept of entropy originates from thermodynamics and is a measure of the degree of uncertainty in the state of the system. The so-called entropy weight determines the weight of each indicator based on the amount of information that each indicator passes to the decision maker. It reflects that different indicators are used in decision-making. The size of the effect. The degree of entropy weight can reflect the extent to which different indicators play a role in decision-making.

2. Basic principles

It is designed to evaluate the overall economic benefits of N companies using an index of economic indicators formed by indicators. The first indicator of the first company is.

2.1 The data is standardized using the power coefficient method. The formula is as follows:

Usually take = 0.9; Xmax (j) = max (X1j, X2j, ..., XNj); Xmin (j) = min (X1j, X2j, ..., XNj), (i = 1, 2, ..., N; j = 1,2,...,m)

2.2 The weight of each indicator is determined by the method of entropy weight. The steps for determining the weight using the entropy method are as follows:

1 Calculating the proportion of the first evaluated company among the evaluation indicators of the first category:

2 Calculate the entropy of the evaluation indicators of the following categories:

Among them - Boltzmann constant, and K> 0; ej ≥ 0;

Substituting formula (2) into formula (3) yields:

3 Calculate the difference coefficient of evaluation index:

When=1,2,...N, Yu is all equal, then ej=emax=KInN. The difference coefficient gj=gmin=1-emax =0, that is, emax=1=KInN, then K=1/InN. Therefore, the difference coefficient is calculated as:

Gj=1-ej (5)

4 Determine the weights, and the weights for the evaluation indicators of the third category are

2.3 Double base points and its determination method

1 Double base point concept

Double base points refer to the best and worst points. In the multi-objective decision-making, the best point is a vector composed of the maximum score of each index, and the worst point is a vector composed of the minimum score of each index.

2 Determination of double base points

The best record is P+=(y1+,y2+,...,ym+), and yj+(j=1,2,...,m) is determined by the following principle:

Yj+=max{y1j,y2j,...,ynj},jεI 1 (benefits index)

Yj+=max{y1j,y2j,...,ynj},jεI 2 (cost index)

Yj+=yj,jεI 3 (fixed index)

The worst point P-=(y1-,y2+,...,ym-),yj-(j=1,2,...,m) is determined by the following principle:

Yj-=max{y1j,y2j,...,ynj},jεI 1

Yj-=max{y1j,y2j,...,ynj},jεI 2

Yj-=ykj,jεI 3

Ykj|ykj-yj|={} makes =max{|y1j-yj|, |y2j-yj|,..., |yNj-yj|}.

2.4 Calculate the distance between the various indicators to the best point P and the distance to the worst point P respectively.

At the time of this paper, we get the weighted absolute distance:

2.5 Calculating the degree of excellence of the company to be evaluated

The degree of goodness obtained by Equation (11) has a clear mathematical and physical meaning:

1 when di+(q)

2 When di+(q)>di-(q), it can be seen that the company's superiority is less than 0.5, indicating that the distance between the enterprise and its ideal point is greater than its distance from the anti-ideal point, and the enterprise is in a poor economic scale.

two. Determination of the Economic Scale of Packaging and Printing Industry

Using the above-mentioned entropy weight double-base point method, the comprehensive economic benefits of 30 manufacturers (mainly based on traditional printing) in the packaging and printing industry in China are evaluated. The selected indicators include profit-oriented indicators (such as total asset contribution rate, industrial sales Output value, total profit, per capita tax, and cost-based indicators (such as asset-liability ratio and total cost and cost) are used as a basis for judging whether the company's economic scale is appropriate.

The calculation process is as follows:

1. According to equation (1), standardize the economic benefits of the 30 companies;

2. Because N=30, K=1/InN=0.2940. Substituting the values ​​and the standardized data into equations (4) and (5), the entropy values ​​ej and the difference coefficients gj of each index can be obtained;

3. Substituting the coefficient of difference gj into equation (6) yields the weight of the given indicator ωj;

4. By substituting the standardized data Yij and the weight ωj into equations (9) and (10), the distance from each enterprise to the most advantageous distance di+ and the worst point di- can be obtained. From formula (11), the degree of superiority of each enterprise can be obtained. Uj;

5. Based on the degree of membership in the table and the number of employees in the company, the offset printing output, and the printed output of books and periodicals, scatter charts are made.

Third, analysis and discussion

Through calculations, it can be seen that the weight of the total cost and expense is the largest, the weight of the industrial sales value is the next, followed by the asset-liability ratio, the realization of the profits and taxes and the contribution rate of the total assets, and the weight of the total profit is the smallest. In the actual situation, the impact of total cost costs and industrial sales value on enterprises is indeed greater. The lower the total cost costs, the higher the industrial sales value, the better the economic benefits of the company. Enterprises should minimize the total cost and cost, increase industrial Sales value to improve the economic efficiency of enterprises.

From the scattergram, we can see that when the number of employees in a company is about 500, the degree of superiority of an enterprise can be considered to increase with the increase in the number of employees; when the number of employees gradually increases to around 1,000, the degree of favorable status of the enterprise is gradually increasing. The trend of decline; when the number of workers gradually increased more than 1,000 people, the company's excellent degree of ownership gradually stabilized. Therefore, for enterprises, when the number of employees is less than 500, the increase in the number of employees can increase the degree of superiority of the enterprise, so that the economic scale of the enterprise can develop in a better direction; but the number of employees in the enterprise cannot increase unrestrictedly. The number of employees will reduce the superiority of the enterprise and destroy the original economic scale of the enterprise. For enterprises, when the printed output of books and periodicals is increased by about 200,000 reams, the increase in the output of books and periodicals can increase the degree of superiority of the enterprise and make the economic scale of the enterprise develop in a better direction; when the output of books and periodicals is increased to more than 300,000 reams At that time, the degree of superiority of the company tends to be stable, and there will be no apparent improvement in the scale of the business economy. For enterprises, when the output of book offset printing is increased by about 500,000 pairs, the increase in the output of offset printing can increase the favorable status of the enterprise and make the economic scale of the enterprise develop in a better direction; when the offset printing output increases to To 1 million pairs of color-changing orders, the superiority of the company tends to be stable, and there will be no significant improvement in the scale of the business economy.

Within a certain range, the superiority of an enterprise increases with the increase in the number of employees and the printing output. Exceeding a certain range, the degree of ownership of an enterprise will gradually decrease to a certain level and remain stable. The ideal enterprise economic scale is that the number of workers is about 500, the output of books and periodicals is about 300,000 reams, and the offset printing output is about 500,000 pairs.

For enterprises with low level of excellence, based on the current number of employees and the output of offset printing, the total cost, total sales, output value, asset-liability ratio, profit and tax, total asset contribution rate, and profits should be used in the order of their respective characteristics. The total number of areas to find out where business problems, in order to improve the company's degree of superiority, so that companies in the best scale to maintain development.

Source: "Chinese Packaging" Miao Rong