Mobile payment has gone through five years since standard preparation, research and development pilots, model exploration, and trusted platforms, and then the industry has been fully launched and aggregated. Mobile finance, represented by mobile payment, is gradually entering various application fields. The majority of users gradually recognize and generally accept innovative payment methods. Market participants in Internet finance, payment industry, commercial banks and other related industries are actively trying various innovative services based on mobile payment. The trend of mobile service mobilization has been established in China, and it has initially achieved a comparison with foreign countries to achieve “curve overtakingâ€. "Vision.
China UnionPay has always been working in accordance with the requirements of the People's Bank of China for the financial industry to serve the people's livelihood and the general public. It is committed to the construction of bank cards including mobile payment and the acceptance of the environment, providing reliable, safe and innovative payment services for the society.
NFC near-field payment into the mainstream mode with industrial integration as the direction
Mobile payment has experienced rapid growth in China in recent years, and has become a relatively common payment method in some mature commercial banks and e-commerce markets. With the continuous increase of industry participants and the deepening participation of all parties, the mobile payment of the banking industry has already developed a foundation for rapid development. At the same time, the willingness of many industry chain participants to open and cooperate is also increasing, and the following development trends are presented.
One is based on NFC near-field payment, and multiple forms of mobile payment coexist. The rapid development of the Internet, the popularity of mobile intelligent terminals, and advances in information storage and transmission technologies have made mobile payment forms and application scenarios more abundant. Among them, NFC-based near-field payment will continue to be the mainstream of development. On the basis of TSM platform interconnection and air card issuance, NFC near-field payment will become the mainstream mode of mobile payment in the financial industry, providing convenience for the majority of cardholders. Non-payment service.
Second, the convergence of mobile payments with other industry sectors has become a consensus. With the popularization of 4G networks and smart terminals, users' consumption habits and consumption patterns have undergone tremendous changes in the era of mobile Internet. Users' convenience and affordable demand for various services around them will promote the deep integration of mobile payment into various industries. Mobile payment will take the direction of industrial integration, integrate the superior resources of all parties, and gradually promote the application in the fields of financial management, public transportation, social security, and medical care.
Third, the mobile payment ecosystem is becoming more mature and stable. The mobile payment eco-environment created by the users, merchants, telecom operators, financial institutions, third-party payment institutions, terminal manufacturers, platform operators and other industrial chain parties, the division of labor is clear, each responsible, and cooperate with each other. Coordinate the development of a viable benefit distribution mechanism and business model. Although it is still being explored, the recognition of the mobile Internet trend will eventually be able to solve this bottleneck problem through the integration of various methods and methods, and even the adjustment of industrial structure, the promotion of capital and equity. .
Fourth, innovative technologies such as HCE, Tokenization, and TEE have brought new vitality to the industry. HCE (HostedCardEmulation, host card emulation) is a new feature introduced by Google's Android 4.4 operating system. Its purpose is to enable mobile phones with NFC function and no eSE chip to securely and conveniently support mobile payment, digital wallet and mobile phone. The use of banks can also be extended to other related fields such as access control, car keys, personal privacy and so on.
In March 2014, EMVCo published the Payment Tokenization on the website. Although the overall architecture and basic elements were defined only from the technical framework, it has already sent a strong signal to the bank card payment industry: Payment tokenization will become the main security framework for EMVCo's future cardless payment, and it also provides an independent reinforcement scheme for security information for HCE. The framework can be seamlessly integrated with the existing payment model to better solve the current security problems of online online payment, fast payment and non-media form mobile payment. It is also the best complementary technology of HCE, and provides judgment basis for transaction risk management. .
The TEE program first appeared in 2006, and the program was re-introduced by ARM in a more reasonable way and named the TEE security operating system.
Standard system continues to improve and build a comprehensive industrial chain
As an important participant in the infrastructure construction of China's modern electronic payment system, UnionPay has been committed to promoting the healthy development of China's bank card industry, and mobile payment is also an important support for the coordinated development of bank card payment. In 2014, UnionPay has made remarkable progress in its work: First, silver card issuance has maintained growth, with nearly 5 billion issued, including over 1.2 billion financial IC cards. Second, the acceptance of the market environment has been further improved. There are more than 12 million domestic networked merchants and more than 16 million pos machines, of which nearly 5 million POS terminals can accept the UnionPay “flash paymentâ€. Third, the bank card consumption business grew rapidly. China UnionPay Transfer Clearing System handled 18.7 billion bank card inter-bank transactions with a transaction amount of RMB 41 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 27.3%. It can be seen from these data that due to the huge potential of the Chinese market, bank cards are still in a high-speed growth period, and the full IC card migration that began in 2015 has made the mobile payment continue to grow at a relatively solid foundation.
(1) Facing internationalization, promoting the continuous improvement of the mobile payment standard system
In recent years, UnionPay has promoted the introduction of mobile payment national standards and standards, and continuously improved and strengthened the preparation of relevant standards and norms based on the new situation, technology and market feedback. Leading and comprehensive mobile payment standard system. At the same time, through the identity of UnionPay EMVco members, recommending China's relevant technical standards to international standards has opened up an effective implementation path for China's mobile payment industry to integrate into the world.
(II) Build a comprehensive industrial chain to achieve mutual benefit and win-win
The mobile payment industry chain is very long, and only by building a continuous industrial chain can the business flourish. Through the way of industrial alliances, UnionPay has jointly established norms, carried out market-oriented business cooperation, and has been committed to the integration and formation of the industrial chain. In cooperation with operators and mobile phone manufacturers' NFC mobile phones, they have successively reached business cooperation with China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, Samsung, ZTE, Huawei, Coolpad, Lenovo, Meizu, OPPO and other companies. The related systems are being promoted or already carry out. I believe that this year, we can see more cooperative products will be launched one after another, and the product categories will be gradually enriched, which will bring more choices to users.
(3) Conducting forward-looking research to promote innovative product solutions and standards development
In terms of innovation, under the leadership of the People's Bank of China, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments, UnionPay continues to follow the latest technologies at home and abroad, and continues to implement programs and technical standards for related products from the perspective of product quality and product safety on the basis of national standards. Conduct research and innovation. Currently, technical research, standard setting and product pilot work including HCE, Token, TEE, biometrics, and wearable devices are being carried out. It is expected to achieve user-centered and develop mobile payment services from “usable†to “goodâ€. Use, rest assured to use, until the real "love" of the people.
In terms of HCE, according to the requirements of mobile payment security and convenience, UnionPay combines HCE technology with cloud computing and Token technology to develop the standards for UnionPay HCE technology, and developed HCE payment products based on cloud technology, which can help card issuing banks to quickly Launched a mobile payment service with independent card issuance, which makes the user's mobile payment application, approval, card life cycle management, client application update and upgrade more convenient and faster, the link is more simplified, and the cost is more reasonable. In the recent HCE bank card products jointly released by ICBC, it took the lead in adopting the HCE related technical standards of UnionPay, which has become the focus of current mobile payment products. In the next step, under the leadership of the People's Bank of China, UnionPay will expand the HCE pilot to the mobile finance pilot area approved by the National Development and Reform Commission and the People's Bank of China to accelerate the improvement, popularization and promotion of this technology.
In terms of Token payment tokenization, UnionPay has built a fully open and compatible application framework platform. The platform has the following characteristics: First, payment tokenization is a security framework that is transparent to the cardholder, has security and control, and can complete the payment of the replacement card number and card validity period across multiple entities; the second is introduced under the framework Token Service Provider (TSP) and Token Applicant (TR) have two important functions: token application and transaction authentication. Third, information security-based card information protection and hierarchical identity The transaction identification risk control mechanism that identifies and matches the customer's ability to withstand; the fourth is that it can be applied to a variety of application scenarios, including the large-scale business operation mode, digital wallet, near-field payment and other pan-mobile payment modes; the fifth is to pay for other forms of innovation in the future. It provides a universal security framework, which can be combined with big data, cloud services, HCE, etc. in the field of mobile payment. It is also compatible with existing 3D authentication and SMS verification, and new identity authentication methods such as future device fingerprints.
In terms of TEE, UnionPay began to contact the company many years ago, and in 2012 set up a dedicated team to carry out TEE technology research, including technical feasibility studies, market demand research and business model discussion. Later, in further research, taking into account the scalability, openness, compatibility and portability of TEE, UnionPay innovatively proposed the concept of TEEI.
TEEI is TrustedExecutionEnvironmentIntegration Trusted Execution Environment Integration. This program is a TEE implementation plan of proprietary intellectual property designed by UnionPay based on the purpose of open cooperation. It has the following characteristics: First, it is a dual system, that is, a secure operating system that coexists with other terminal operating systems (such as Android) on a smart phone; second, systematization, TEEI system will be able to better integrate smart terminals with NFC, SE TUI (TrustedUserInterface), fingerprint module and other peripheral hardware are integrated to form a closed-loop security system environment; third, multi-terminal, suitable for most embedded devices (such as smart phones, tablets, Financial POS, set-top box, etc.) is also more conducive to the deployment of TEEI on various terminal platforms, enabling TEEI architecture to achieve "full terminal connectivity"; fourth is versatility, TEEI will not be specific to existing TEE The security hardware environment is required and specified, and it is a universal security technology solution. Through the TEEI architecture, it will be more conducive to the deployment of TEE environments for various partners.
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