Generally speaking, temperature loss refers to the loss of human heat more than heat supply, which causes the temperature of the core area of ​​the human body to decrease, and produces a series of symptoms such as chills, confusion, cardiopulmonary failure, and even death. The so-called core area of ​​the human body here mainly refers to the heart and lungs in the brain and trunk, which are the main organs that sustain life. This concept is relative to the human limbs and the surface skin.
Simply put, the body temperature is lower than normal. We all know that a fever above 37.5 degrees is a fever, and people who do not lower their body temperature at 39 degrees will be comatose until they die. The temperature loss is similar. If the body temperature is lower than 35 degrees, people will lose consciousness and even die in a coma.
Signs of outdoor hypothermia Mild hypothermia (MildHypothermia)
The core temperature is between 37 and 35.55 degrees.
Signs: Uncontrollable shaking, can not do complex movements, such as ice climbing or skiing, but can walk and talk. Peripheral blood vessels contract. Among them: at 37 to 36 degrees, the signs are normal and may start to tremble, at 36 to 35 degrees, you will feel cold, the shaking may be light or heavy, and your hands start to stiff. Can't do complicated work by hand.
Moderate hypothermia (ModerateHypothermia)
The core temperature is between 35 and 33.88 degrees.
Signs: Loss of consciousness, movement coordination began to lose, especially the hands, such as the inability to pull zippers. The reason is insufficient peripheral blood flow. Speaking vaguely, shaking violently, behaving abnormally, for example, starting to undress, but don't feel cold. There will be intense jitters, muscle incoordination will start to become obvious, movements will be slow and it will look strenuous, stumbling under the feet will start, and they will start to be confused, and may also appear as alertness.
Severe hypothermia (SevereHypothermia)
The core temperature is between 33.88 and 30 degrees. This temperature will be fatal! At 33.88 ~ 32.22 degrees, there will be continuous violent shaking, difficulty speaking, slow thinking and forgetfulness, obvious decline in mobility, inability to use both hands, frequent tripping, depression, and depression. Shivering intermittently. Between 32.22 and 30 degrees, the exposed skin is bluish-purple and swollen, with poor muscle coordination, unable to walk, and confused thinking, but it may also maintain a posture and look clear. The shaking stops, first shaking violently, then pausing, and then continuing the cycle. The pause time will gradually increase until the jitter completely stops. Because the heat generated by the glycogen in the burning muscles cannot resist the continuous decrease in core temperature, the body stops shaking to store glycogen. Falling to the ground, unable to continue walking, curled up into a ball to save body temperature, muscles gradually stiffened. Due to the restricted peripheral blood flow and the accumulation of lactic acid and carbon dioxide, the skin becomes pale, the pupils dilate, and the pulse rate becomes slower. At a temperature of about 31 degrees, the human body begins to hibernate, shutting down almost all peripheral blood circulation, and reducing the frequency of breathing and pulse.
Finally, death!
At 30 degrees, the human body enters a state that looks like it has died, but is actually alive! At 30 degrees to 27.77 degrees, the muscles are stiff, semi-coma, coma, pulse and breathing frequency become slower, and there may be heart fibrillation. Between 27.77 and 25.55 degrees, loss of consciousness, heartbeat and breathing are erratic and very shallow, the pulse may not be touched, and any sudden shock may cause ventricular fibrillation and cause death. At 25.55 ~ 24 degrees, pulmonary edema, heart and respiratory failure will occur. But it is likely to have died before reaching this temperature.
Temperature loss and frostbite Temperature loss and frostbite are one of the most common dangers of outdoor activities in winter. The two concepts are both related and different in medicine.
Generally speaking, temperature loss refers to the loss of human heat more than heat supply, which causes the temperature of the core area of ​​the human body to decrease, and produces a series of symptoms such as chills, confusion, cardiopulmonary failure, and even death. The so-called core area of ​​the human body here mainly refers to the heart and lungs in the brain and trunk, which are the main organs that sustain life. This concept is relative to the human limbs and the surface skin.
Frostbite refers to the numbness, blisters, and necrosis of limbs and epidermal tissue caused by contact with cold air, liquids, and objects on the surface of the human body.
In order to have a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of hypothermia and frostbite, we first need to understand the body's heat metabolism and regulating function. The ideal temperature of the human body is 37 degrees (Celsius, the same below), above 40.5 degrees, the biological enzymes in the body will fail, resulting in the body's chemical reactions difficult to proceed, leading to death. When the temperature is below 37 degrees, the chemical reaction will slow down, thereby inhibiting human body functions. When the body temperature (referring to the temperature of the core area of ​​the body) is below 30 degrees, death is almost inevitable. It should be particularly pointed out that the concept of body temperature proposed here refers to the temperature of the core region of the human body, not the surface temperature. There are often cases where the body surface temperature is below 30 degrees or even frozen, but the person is still alive.
People can freeze to death at 10 degrees on a windy day, and to death at 20 degrees on a heavy rainy day. Sweaty clothes are the culprit. Keeping the body dry is the primary issue, followed by the right time to replenish energy. Avoid sweat soaking clothes.
Mountain peaks at high altitudes are above the snow line, and some of them are several kilometers above the snow line. The air is usually thin and the oxygen content in the air is low. Therefore, the normal metabolism of climbers is affected.
If the long-term low temperature, strong wind, and lack of oxygen, even with the protection of down jackets, jackets, etc., hypothermia can easily occur. Loss of temperature can lead to endocrine disruption, hallucinations and loss of consciousness, and eventually death.
Simply put, the body temperature is lower than normal. We all know that a fever above 37.5 degrees is a fever, and people who do not lower their body temperature at 39 degrees will be comatose until they die. The temperature loss is similar. If the body temperature is lower than 35 degrees, people will lose consciousness and even die in a coma.
Signs of outdoor hypothermia Mild hypothermia (MildHypothermia)
The core temperature is between 37 and 35.55 degrees.
Signs: Uncontrollable shaking, can not do complex movements, such as ice climbing or skiing, but can walk and talk. Peripheral blood vessels contract. Among them: at 37 to 36 degrees, the signs are normal and may start to tremble, at 36 to 35 degrees, you will feel cold, the shaking may be light or heavy, and your hands start to stiff. Can't do complicated work by hand.
Moderate hypothermia (ModerateHypothermia)
The core temperature is between 35 and 33.88 degrees.
Signs: Loss of consciousness, movement coordination began to lose, especially the hands, such as the inability to pull zippers. The reason is insufficient peripheral blood flow. Speaking vaguely, shaking violently, behaving abnormally, for example, starting to undress, but don't feel cold. There will be intense jitters, muscle incoordination will start to become obvious, movements will be slow and it will look strenuous, stumbling under the feet will start, and they will start to be confused, and may also appear as alertness.
Severe hypothermia (SevereHypothermia)
The core temperature is between 33.88 and 30 degrees. This temperature will be fatal! At 33.88 ~ 32.22 degrees, there will be continuous violent shaking, difficulty speaking, slow thinking and forgetfulness, obvious decline in mobility, inability to use both hands, frequent tripping, depression, and depression. Shivering intermittently. Between 32.22 and 30 degrees, the exposed skin is bluish-purple and swollen, with poor muscle coordination, unable to walk, and confused thinking, but it may also maintain a posture and look clear. The shaking stops, first shaking violently, then pausing, and then continuing the cycle. The pause time will gradually increase until the jitter completely stops. Because the heat generated by the glycogen in the burning muscles cannot resist the continuous decrease in core temperature, the body stops shaking to store glycogen. Falling to the ground, unable to continue walking, curled up into a ball to save body temperature, muscles gradually stiffened. Due to the restricted peripheral blood flow and the accumulation of lactic acid and carbon dioxide, the skin becomes pale, the pupils dilate, and the pulse rate becomes slower. At a temperature of about 31 degrees, the human body begins to hibernate, shutting down almost all peripheral blood circulation, and reducing the frequency of breathing and pulse.
Finally, death!
At 30 degrees, the human body enters a state that looks like it has died, but is actually alive! At 30 degrees to 27.77 degrees, the muscles are stiff, semi-coma, coma, pulse and breathing frequency become slower, and there may be heart fibrillation. Between 27.77 and 25.55 degrees, loss of consciousness, heartbeat and breathing are erratic and very shallow, the pulse may not be touched, and any sudden shock may cause ventricular fibrillation and cause death. At 25.55 ~ 24 degrees, pulmonary edema, heart and respiratory failure will occur. But it is likely to have died before reaching this temperature.
Temperature loss and frostbite Temperature loss and frostbite are one of the most common dangers of outdoor activities in winter. The two concepts are both related and different in medicine.
Generally speaking, temperature loss refers to the loss of human heat more than heat supply, which causes the temperature of the core area of ​​the human body to decrease, and produces a series of symptoms such as chills, confusion, cardiopulmonary failure, and even death. The so-called core area of ​​the human body here mainly refers to the heart and lungs in the brain and trunk, which are the main organs that sustain life. This concept is relative to the human limbs and the surface skin.
Frostbite refers to the numbness, blisters, and necrosis of limbs and epidermal tissue caused by contact with cold air, liquids, and objects on the surface of the human body.
In order to have a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of hypothermia and frostbite, we first need to understand the body's heat metabolism and regulating function. The ideal temperature of the human body is 37 degrees (Celsius, the same below), above 40.5 degrees, the biological enzymes in the body will fail, resulting in the body's chemical reactions difficult to proceed, leading to death. When the temperature is below 37 degrees, the chemical reaction will slow down, thereby inhibiting human body functions. When the body temperature (referring to the temperature of the core area of ​​the body) is below 30 degrees, death is almost inevitable. It should be particularly pointed out that the concept of body temperature proposed here refers to the temperature of the core region of the human body, not the surface temperature. There are often cases where the body surface temperature is below 30 degrees or even frozen, but the person is still alive.
People can freeze to death at 10 degrees on a windy day, and to death at 20 degrees on a heavy rainy day. Sweaty clothes are the culprit. Keeping the body dry is the primary issue, followed by the right time to replenish energy. Avoid sweat soaking clothes.
Mountain peaks at high altitudes are above the snow line, and some of them are several kilometers above the snow line. The air is usually thin and the oxygen content in the air is low. Therefore, the normal metabolism of climbers is affected.
If the long-term low temperature, strong wind, and lack of oxygen, even with the protection of down jackets, jackets, etc., hypothermia can easily occur. Loss of temperature can lead to endocrine disruption, hallucinations and loss of consciousness, and eventually death.
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