As the summer season approaches, the topic of child safety is once again frequently seen in the public eye. The data show that more than 18,500 children under the age of 14 die in traffic accidents every year in China. The death rate of children's traffic accidents is 2.5 times that of Europe and 2.6 times that of the United States. Traffic accidents have become the first cause of death for children under 14 years of age. Studies have shown that the use of child safety seats can reduce fatal injuries by 71% in the event of an accident. The use of child safety seats is one of the important reasons why children die in accidents. At present, the utilization rate of child safety seats in China is only 30%, which is far from the utilization rate of more than 90% in developed countries such as Europe and America.
China's child safety seat usage rate is low
With the rapid growth of the number of private cars, accidents such as punctures, squats, rollovers, etc. occur when a high-speed vehicle crashes, causing accidents such as sudden injury or death from the front door or back door of the vehicle; emergency braking and rear-end collision of the vehicle It is not uncommon for children to be hit hard by airbags, "locked throat" by seat belts, directly hitting the front windshield or hitting the front seat back. The child safety seat is designed as a car safety device designed for children of different weights (or ages) to improve the safety of children. Studies have confirmed that child safety seats are currently the most effective way to protect children by car. In the event of collisions, rollovers, etc., the use of child safety seats can reduce child mortality by 71%.
In 2012, the use rate of child safety seats in China was only 0.1%. With the high attention paid to children's safety in the past two years, parents' awareness of the safety of children's rides and the introduction of such documents as the restraint system for motor vehicle children and occupants, the use rate of child safety seats in China has a certain extent. The improvement is still low, less than 10% in 2013 and less than 30% in 2014.
There are three reasons for the low use of child safety seats:
One is the lack of regulations that force the use of child safety seats. The standard for the restraint system for motor vehicle children and occupants issued in 2012 clearly states the technical requirements for child safety seats, but the standard only provides for manufacturers and retailers who produce safety seats. National policies or regulations for the use of safety seats have not yet been introduced. Some local regulations incorporate the use of child safety seats, but due to non-punitive measures or only recommended use, the terms are not feasible. For example, the Shanghai Municipality's revised Regulations on the Protection of Minors in Shanghai stipulates that since March 1, 2014, children under the age of 12 cannot be arranged to sit in the first officer's seat, and children under the age of 4 will take a private car. Children's safety seats should be equipped and properly used; Article 30 of Chapter 4 of the Hefei Municipal Road Traffic Safety Regulations also stipulates that “children's safety seats suitable for their age should be used when carrying childrenâ€, and in January 2014 It will be implemented on the 1st. However, since these local regulations are limited to the use of child safety seats “should†or “shouldâ€, there is no mention of the corresponding illegal punishment measures. The traffic police lacks the basis for law enforcement, and the driver will turn a blind eye to this clause, resulting in the clause. Poor execution, it is inevitable that it will become a "paper".
Second, there is a lack of supervision in the child safety seat supply market. China has introduced relevant quality standards. The introduction of standards is a technical level constraint. What is more important is how to ensure that the implementation of standards is in place. The "Constrained System for Motor Vehicle Child Crew", which was introduced in 2012, has made provisions for the materials and parts of child safety seats, which has played a certain role in promoting the market of child safety seats. However, the corresponding supervision mechanism is lacking, the implementation of standards and strict implementation are not guaranteed, so that illegal manufacturers have opportunities to take advantage of, resulting in a mixed market for child safety seats, and the market order is seriously damaged. When consumers buy products, they can't tell the quality of the products and what kind of products are safer and more reliable. Consumers who are too expensive are not willing to buy them. Consumers with low price will worry about quality problems. Some consumers in contradiction simply chose not to buy.
Third, parents have misunderstandings about the safety of children riding a car. At present, parents' awareness of the safety of children's rides has improved. In particular, the safety awareness of parents after the "80s" has greatly improved, but some children's car misunderstandings still exist, resulting in dangers.
Myth 1: The child is sitting in the co-pilot position. Because children are shorter than adults, the position of the airbag is often on the top of the child's head. In the event of an accident, the vehicle will cause more harm to the child. In 1999, statistics from the United States showed that the vast majority of the 150 people killed by airbags were children.
Myth 2: Parents hold children by car. In the event of a violent collision, the mother's chest will naturally press hard on the child's head and neck, causing great damage to the child. In addition, a car with a speed of 50 kilometers per hour is under violent impact, and the child will instantly produce 30 times the weight of his own forehead. Adults cannot hold the 300-pound child who flies out like a bullet and directly hits the front windshield. Or the front seat back, the consequences are unimaginable.
Myth #3: Children ride adult safety belts. The seat belts on the car are designed for adult use and are only suitable for adults weighing 36kg and over 140cm. If it is used for children, the shoulder strap of the seat belt will be in the child's neck position. In the event of a collision, emergency braking and other dangerous situations during high-speed driving, the seat belt will be locked in an instant and will cause damage to the child's neck like a sharp edge.
The use of child seats in developed countries and regions is high, mainly due to three factors
First, the people have a correct understanding of child safety seats. In some European countries, the United States, Japan, Australia and other child safety seats, the penetration rate is very high, the usage rate is generally more than 90%. Sweden began to develop the specification of child safety seats in 1982, the current child safety seat The usage rate has exceeded 95%. These countries have researched and used child safety seats earlier, and the public has a high degree of concern for child safety. The government has been through many years of publicity and education to let the public know the serious consequences of accidents when not using child safety seats. To make people have a deep understanding of child safety seats.
The second is strict child safety seat standards and regulatory systems. Strict standards guarantee the quality of child safety seats. At present, there are the following major child safety seat standards in the world: European ECE R44/04 standard, American FMVSS213, Canadian CMVSS213, Japanese JIS, Australia AS1754, etc., among which the European ECE R44 standard is widely used by many countries because of its comprehensiveness and strictness. And adoption. Moreover, countries such as Europe and the United States have implemented strict child safety seat recall supervision systems, which greatly guarantee the quality of child safety seats in the market.
Third, the law requires mandatory use of child safety seats. Regulations and strict enforcement have increased the use of child safety seats. At present, 96 countries and regions around the world have introduced laws and regulations that impose the restraint system for children's occupants, such as the United States, Australia, Germany, Japan, Sweden, and the Netherlands. Sweden requires children under the age of 7 to travel in a car with a device to protect children's safety; in the United States, the age of the law is under 4 years of age; in Canada, the law states that it is under 5 years of age; the age specified in Australia is 8 years old. Below; Germany, the Netherlands and Japan have even increased the mandatory use of child safety seats to under 12 years of age. The law also stipulates that the use of child safety seats will result in high fines. If the United States stipulates that children under the age of 4 or under 18kg are not used, the safety seat is not fined $100; Australia requires a child under the age of 8 to use a safety seat for a fine of 166 Australian dollars. Another extreme example, when a newborn is born in a US hospital, the mother must carry a child safety seat in the hospital from the hospital. Otherwise, it is illegal and needs to accept a high amount. Fine.
Suggestions on Improving the Utilization Rate of Child Safety Seats in China
Accelerate the legislative process and impose mandatory use of child safety seats. China's "Standard System for Motor Vehicle Children's Crews" has been issued for nearly two years. Child safety seats are gradually recognized and accepted. The purchasing channels are also extensive, and the legislative environment for child safety seats is gradually maturing. First of all, in the existing or upcoming mandatory local trials for mandatory use of child safety seats, penalties should be added to improve the feasibility of the provisions, so that law enforcement can be “legally enforceableâ€. Secondly, based on the experience of countries such as Europe and the United States, on the basis of full investigation and pilot research, we will formulate and introduce national regulations for the mandatory use of child safety seats as soon as possible to speed up the popularization process. Third, the regulations for compulsory use of child safety seats should clarify the age of the child, the means of punishment, etc., and strengthen the punishment, and take measures such as high fines and even detention and deprivation of custody.
Strengthen market supervision and promote the healthy development of the child safety seat market. The first is to strengthen the factory inspection of child safety seats. Supervise and urge enterprises to strictly control product quality and prevent problematic products from entering the market. The second is to strengthen the supervision of the child safety seat market. Strictly crack down on illegal sales of inferior products, counterfeit and shoddy products that do not meet the standards, so that consumers can buy with confidence. The third is to establish a full-process inspection mechanism for the production, sales and after-sales service of children's ride safety equipment. We have a complete and controllable system for the design, production and sales of raw materials, and promote the healthy development of the child safety seat market. The fourth is to improve the child safety seat defect recall system and implement mandatory recalls for unqualified products.
Strengthen the publicity and education of children's ride safety and enhance parents' safety awareness. In view of the current situation in China, there are still a large number of parents who have misunderstandings about the safety of children riding bicycles, lack of understanding of child safety seats or have a chance to be lucky, and carry out publicity and education through media, network and on-site experience to popularize children's safety. know how. In the special period of "Children's Day" and "Child Safety Education Day", the children's car safety education column was opened.
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