Introduction to contactless IC card technology
Contactless IC card
The non-contact IC card, also known as the proximity card, was born in the early 1990s. Due to the incomparable advantages of magnetic cards and contact IC cards, one of them has attracted widespread attention and has been popularized at an alarming rate. .
The contactless IC card consists of an IC chip, an inductive antenna, and is completely sealed in a standard PVC card with no exposed parts. The read/write process of the non-contact type IC card is usually performed by radio waves between the non-contact type IC card and the reader/writer.
The non-contact type IC card itself is a passive body. When the reader/writer reads and writes the card, the signal sent by the reader/writer is composed of two parts: a part is a power signal, and the signal is received by the card, and is itself The L/C resonates to produce an instantaneous energy supply to the chip. The other part is to combine the data signal, the command chip to complete the data, modification, storage, etc., and return to the reader. The read/write system formed by the non-contact IC card has greatly simplified both the hardware structure and the operation process. At the same time, with the help of advanced management software, the offline operation mode enables the data reading and writing process. It's even simpler.
Non-contact IC card compared with magnetic card and contact IC card
Due to its simple structure, small magnetic storage capacity, poor security and confidentiality, complicated reading and writing equipment and high maintenance costs, the magnetic card has been out of the limelight as a product of the technical level in the 1970s and 1980s.
Compared with the magnetic card, the contact type IC card is more secure and reliable. In addition to the large storage capacity, it can also be used for one card. At the same time, the reliability is higher than that of the magnetic card, and the service life is long: the reading and writing mechanism is simpler and more reliable than the magnetic card reading and writing mechanism, and the cost is low and the maintenance is convenient. Easy to promote. Due to the above advantages, the contact IC card market has spread all over the world and is very popular. However, the current touch-sensitive IC card is facing the strong challenge of the late-stage contactless IC card.
Compared with the traditional contact IC card, the non-contact IC card inherits the advantages of the contact IC card, such as large capacity, high security, etc., and overcomes the shortcomings that the contact type cannot avoid, such as reading. The write failure rate is high, due to the exposure of the contacts, pollution, damage, wear, static electricity, and the inconvenient reading and writing process of the card. The non-contact IC card is completely sealed and has no contact working mode, so that it is not affected by external adverse factors, so the service life is completely close to the natural life of the IC chip, so the frequency and duration of the card itself and the convenience of operation Both are much higher than contact IC cards. It can be seen that the non-contact IC card not only represents the crystallization of the development of card technology for many years, but also represents a milestone in the application of the card to a new stage.
At the same time, the birth of the non-contact IC card international standard ISO14443 will make it compatible with contact IC cards and bring endless potential to non-contact IC cards. Undoubtedly, the non-contact IC card of Dacheng will be the leader in identity, finance, electronic money, public transportation, intelligent buildings, residential properties and social security.
Non-contact IC card technology features
Non-contact IC card technology is the combination of radio frequency identification technology and IC card technology.
From the perspective of radio frequency identification technology, it can be considered that the non-contact IC card is a relatively special radio frequency identification (ie, transponder), and its reading and writing device is a pager; if it is from the perspective of IC card technology, It is considered that the radio frequency identification product is a special non-contact IC card, and its pager is a reading and writing device. Therefore, the composition and working principle of the contactless IC card application system is very similar to that of the RFID application system.
Of course, the use of radio frequency identification technology for non-contact IC cards also has special requirements for it to meet the requirements of "cards". Technically, there are two main points:
Due to the size limitation of the IC card, the transponder on the card cannot have a power supply system and needs to be powered by a pager (reading and writing device) wirelessly;
Due to the size limitations of the IC card, the antenna of the transponder on the card needs to be specially designed, and the card needs to be specially packaged and manufactured.
In addition, due to the special application environment of the contactless IC card, the transponder on the card also needs to have the following characteristics:
Fast operation;
Highly anti-interference, can operate multiple cards "simultaneously";
High reliability
It can be suitable for a variety of applications; etc. Currently, the international standardization organization has set out some international standards for contactless IC cards, such as ISO/IEC 10536-1 [1992, Identification Cards, Contactless IC Cards, Part 1: Physical Characteristics (first edition)]. Interested parties can refer to the relevant information.
The contactless IC card has the following features compared to the contact IC card:
Contactless communication does not have mechanical contact wear, which greatly improves the reliability of the application;
Because there is no contact communication, it is not necessary to insert and remove the card, which greatly improves the speed of each use;
Multiple non-contact IC cards can be operated at the same time, which improves the parallelism of the application and virtually improves the system working speed;
Because there is no contact communication, there is no mechanical contact on the card, which is convenient for card printing, improves the reliability of the card, and is more beautiful;
Because of this, the contactless IC card is very suitable for some applications where the previous contact IC card cannot or is difficult to meet the requirements, such as the public electric car automatic ticketing system, which greatly advances the application of the IC card in breadth and depth. .
Application form of contactless IC card
1 Highway automatic toll collection system The system is equipped with a pager, an automatic tracking camera and an information processing system at the highway toll station. The car is equipped with a contactless IC card (ie, a transponder) as a road payment card, which stores driver information, vehicle information, related accounts or cash amounts, and the like. The specific working process is:
The car enters the pager work area at a certain speed, and the payment card system receives the wireless signal of the pager;
The payment card system processes the toll according to the received signal (such as subtracting a certain amount of cash from the payment card) and transmits the feedback information to the pager;
The pager checks the received feedback information and makes a judgment. If the charge is normal, it is released. Otherwise, the automatic tracking camera is activated to take the license plate and transmit it to the information integrated processing system together with related information (time, etc.). Then inform the relevant vehicle management department (a fine for the vehicle, etc.).
Depending on the circumstances, the payment card can be issued by a unified traffic management department; it can also be issued by a road toll management department. The pay card is issued for the connected vehicle and can also be issued for the driver.
In addition, because the working distance of the contactless IC card is limited, a transponder that can work remotely is installed on the motor vehicle, and the charging card communicates with the transponder. At this time, the contact card can also use the contact IC card, but its overall working principle and working process are very similar. The working principle of the system is shown in Figure 5. Compared with most existing highway toll collection systems, the system has the following characteristics:
Non-stop charging speeds up the charging speed and improves road utilization;
Safe and reliable work;
Simple management;
It has laid a good technical foundation for the future intelligent vehicle road management system.
At present, some countries such as the United States and France have already or are in the process of using the system. It is believed that this system will also have broad application prospects in China.
2 Public electric car automatic ticketing system
Countries around the world have been looking for a technical system that can better complete the automatic ticketing of public electric cars. Previously, a system causing a system such as a magnetic card (magnetic stripe) system has serious defects and eventually has to be stopped. Especially in China, due to poor environmental conditions, low quality of personnel and abnormal traffic congestion, it is even more difficult to use the charging system that is generally more effective in foreign countries. The disadvantages of the usual charging system are:
The charging speed is too slow and the bus is blocked due to the inability to charge in parallel. This not only makes the public electric car company love unnecessary losses due to the reduction of the number of operations, but also makes the passengers complain:
Frequent mechanical contact makes the reading and writing equipment on the vehicle very easy to damage, resulting in high maintenance costs and frequent maintenance, which greatly affects normal operations;
Because the vehicle is shaking violently, it often causes misuse of charges, and even damages the charging card or charging equipment;
Poor internal environment of the vehicle, resulting in the charging card and charging equipment often can not work reliably; and so on.
The contactless IC card charging system can solve the above problems well, which not only enables the bus company to improve management, improve efficiency, but also greatly facilitates passengers.
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Legic non-contact smart card and chip technical parameters
1. Non-contact smart card technical parameters
1.1. Size: 54mmX86mmX0.81mm
1.2. Capacity: 22byte
256byte
1kbyte
8kbyte
1.3. Read and write time: read operation 5ms/byte read operation 2.5ms/byte
Write operation 20ms/byte write operation 5ms/byte
1.4. Material: PVC engineering materials
1.5. Lifespan: 100,000 write operations, read operations, infinite read and write operations, data storage for 10 years
1.6. Environment: Working temperature -20 °c----70°c
Storage temperature -30 °c----80°c
2. Non-contact smart card internal partition
The non-contact smart card is divided into two parts: System Area (CDF) User Area (ADF)
System area: used by card manufacturers and system developers and card issuers.
User area: used to store information about the cardholder.
2.1. System area structure:
The system area contains a total of 9 bytes, the distribution of which is shown in Table 1:
Byte No Addr Bit Abbreviation
1 0 0---7 MCD
2---4 1.2.3 0---23 MSN
5 4 0---7 MCC
6---7 5,6 0---15 DCF
8 7 0---6 WRC/WRP
8 7 7 RD
9 8 0---7 SSC
Description:
(1) MCD Manufacture Code. 1 byte, storing the value 00H---FFH, usually the number of the patent holder. It is factory-set and cannot be changed.
(2) MSN Manufacture Serial No. 3 bytes Valid value: 224 = 16,777,215 (for each MCD), factory set, cannot be replaced.
(3) MCC Manufacture check character 1 byte
MCD
MSN
MSN
MSN
MCC
(4) DCF Decremental field Two bytes, can only be decremented, used for patent authorization
(5) WRP Write protect Byte8 Bit0---3
Wrc Write Conelifion Byte8 Bit4---6
WRP is used to protect those user areas from repeated write operations.
WRC for password area
SSC
ADF1
ADF2
Note: can only be written once, can not be changed
(6)RD Read Disable Byte8 Bit7
RD=0 Any WRU can be read
RD=1 Only the authorized WRC, the contents of the password area determined by the WRC
The CHIPS password corresponds to the solution.
(7) SSC System Supplier Code 1 byte patent number area 00H---FFH
Non-contact smart card reader technical performance
The LEGIC non-contact smart card reader has the following technical specifications:
(1) EEPROM read/write memory
(2) 512K expandable power-off protection memory
(3) LCD glare visible LCD Chinese display
(4) Keyboard query
(5) RS/232, 485 communication interface
(6) 8 I/O entrances and exits
(7) Induction wire frequency 13.56MHZ
(8) Induction and reading distance 10cm---70cm
(9) Antenna
(10) Amplifier distance can be increased to 20m
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Non-contact smart card security policy and information security technology
A smart card is a medium that stores important information. The security technology provided by the smart card must be to ensure the security of the information. So, what exactly does the security of information contain?
In general, the security of information should have at least the following:
* Confidentiality: Prevent unauthorized access to information
* Integrity: Prevent unauthorized information changes (delete, increase)
* Accessibility: Prevent unauthorized interception of information (illegal interception during information flow)
In fact, the security technology of non-contact IC cards is mainly proposed and implemented based on the above points.
1. Since the card and the reader are wireless frequency, but it is a variable method, that is, each communication process has a random variable function, so the outside world wants to analyze the parameters of the system through the radio receiver will be extremely difficult.
2. Cards and readers must be strictly authorized before they can be used. It is impossible for any illegal user to obtain the information in the card.
3. Since each card has a 32-bit independent card number, which is formed during the processing of the chip, it is unique and the system area in the card has an encryption algorithm check. Therefore, forgery cards are also impossible.
4. The user area in the card can be set to several cells according to user requirements, and each cell can be set with a password.
Introduction to several inductive smart cards
In the smart card family, the inductive smart card has high capacity and high reliability (avoiding the influence of foreign objects due to mechanical contact) and security, easy operation and long life (up to 100,000 times of reading and writing) The characteristics of more and more attention in various smart card application projects, coupled with the steady decline in prices, the inductive smart card is gradually replacing the status of contact smart cards, thus becoming the mainstream in smart card applications, widely used in urban public Traffic, highway automatic tolls, intelligent buildings, various public tolls, intelligent community property management, attendance access control management, campus and factory card and conference sign-in and other systems.
At present, there are many inductive smart cards that are recognized as successful and widely used in the world. Among them, the public in China are more familiar with the following:
1, Philip Mifare non-contact IC card (accounting for more than 60% of the world's similar smart card sales, there are three models MifareRight, MifareI and MifareROF):
Working frequency: 13.56MHZ
Data retention period: 10 years operation time: 96ms
Reading and writing distance: 2.5-10cm
Storage capacity: 8Kbit
Size: 85.6x54x0.76mm
Memory Type: EEPROM
Operating environment temperature: -20 ° C -50 ° C
Multiple application areas: 16 zones to save ambient temperature: -20 ° C -50 ° C
Manufacturer serial number: 32bit, the only relative humidity: 90%
Number of card writes: 100,000 times or more Material: PVC2
US Atmel's Temic5550, 5560 RF card 55505560
Memory capacity: 264bits320bits
Read and write features: readable and writable, readable, readable and writable, encrypted working carrier: 125khz125khz
Coding method: BIN, FSK, PSKManchesterManchesterBI-PHASE
Baud rate: 1\8\16\32\40\50\601\32\64
Modulation method: AMAM write time\block: <=16ms<=16ms
Divide fast: 810
Reading and writing distance: >3-10cm>3-10cm3,
TimeCOS CPU: 8-bit secure processor ROM: 8K bytes of RAM: 256K bytes
EEPROM: 1K2K4K8K16K byte clock frequency: 3.57MHz4.91MHz
Wiping life: more than 100.000 erasing times: 1/2/4/8/16 bytes, erasing and writing time are 5.28/5.31/5.38/5.52/5.8 milliseconds respectively Data retention time: 10 years working voltage: 5 volts operating current: less than 10 mA sleep mode: When the TimeCOS waits to receive a command, it is in state sleep, the maximum current is 200 micro amps: -25°C-70°C
Communication protocol: T=0 or T=1
Communication speed: 9600 bits/second at 3.57MHz, or 9600 bits/second at 38400 bits/second 4.91Mhz, or 76800 bits/second
In addition, Switzerland's Legic card and Israel's Audian are well-known brands that have entered the Chinese market earlier and have been widely used.
Contactless IC card
The non-contact IC card, also known as the proximity card, was born in the early 1990s. Due to the incomparable advantages of magnetic cards and contact IC cards, one of them has attracted widespread attention and has been popularized at an alarming rate. .
The contactless IC card consists of an IC chip, an inductive antenna, and is completely sealed in a standard PVC card with no exposed parts. The read/write process of the non-contact type IC card is usually performed by radio waves between the non-contact type IC card and the reader/writer.
The non-contact type IC card itself is a passive body. When the reader/writer reads and writes the card, the signal sent by the reader/writer is composed of two parts: a part is a power signal, and the signal is received by the card, and is itself The L/C resonates to produce an instantaneous energy supply to the chip. The other part is to combine the data signal, the command chip to complete the data, modification, storage, etc., and return to the reader. The read/write system formed by the non-contact IC card has greatly simplified both the hardware structure and the operation process. At the same time, with the help of advanced management software, the offline operation mode enables the data reading and writing process. It's even simpler.
Non-contact IC card compared with magnetic card and contact IC card
Due to its simple structure, small magnetic storage capacity, poor security and confidentiality, complicated reading and writing equipment and high maintenance costs, the magnetic card has been out of the limelight as a product of the technical level in the 1970s and 1980s.
Compared with the magnetic card, the contact type IC card is more secure and reliable. In addition to the large storage capacity, it can also be used for one card. At the same time, the reliability is higher than that of the magnetic card, and the service life is long: the reading and writing mechanism is simpler and more reliable than the magnetic card reading and writing mechanism, and the cost is low and the maintenance is convenient. Easy to promote. Due to the above advantages, the contact IC card market has spread all over the world and is very popular. However, the current touch-sensitive IC card is facing the strong challenge of the late-stage contactless IC card.
Compared with the traditional contact IC card, the non-contact IC card inherits the advantages of the contact IC card, such as large capacity, high security, etc., and overcomes the shortcomings that the contact type cannot avoid, such as reading. The write failure rate is high, due to the exposure of the contacts, pollution, damage, wear, static electricity, and the inconvenient reading and writing process of the card. The non-contact IC card is completely sealed and has no contact working mode, so that it is not affected by external adverse factors, so the service life is completely close to the natural life of the IC chip, so the frequency and duration of the card itself and the convenience of operation Both are much higher than contact IC cards. It can be seen that the non-contact IC card not only represents the crystallization of the development of card technology for many years, but also represents a milestone in the application of the card to a new stage.
At the same time, the birth of the non-contact IC card international standard ISO14443 will make it compatible with contact IC cards and bring endless potential to non-contact IC cards. Undoubtedly, the non-contact IC card of Dacheng will be the leader in identity, finance, electronic money, public transportation, intelligent buildings, residential properties and social security.
Non-contact IC card technology features
Non-contact IC card technology is the combination of radio frequency identification technology and IC card technology.
From the perspective of radio frequency identification technology, it can be considered that the non-contact IC card is a relatively special radio frequency identification (ie, transponder), and its reading and writing device is a pager; if it is from the perspective of IC card technology, It is considered that the radio frequency identification product is a special non-contact IC card, and its pager is a reading and writing device. Therefore, the composition and working principle of the contactless IC card application system is very similar to that of the RFID application system.
Of course, the use of radio frequency identification technology for non-contact IC cards also has special requirements for it to meet the requirements of "cards". Technically, there are two main points:
Due to the size limitation of the IC card, the transponder on the card cannot have a power supply system and needs to be powered by a pager (reading and writing device) wirelessly;
Due to the size limitations of the IC card, the antenna of the transponder on the card needs to be specially designed, and the card needs to be specially packaged and manufactured.
In addition, due to the special application environment of the contactless IC card, the transponder on the card also needs to have the following characteristics:
Fast operation;
Highly anti-interference, can operate multiple cards "simultaneously";
High reliability
It can be suitable for a variety of applications; etc. Currently, the international standardization organization has set out some international standards for contactless IC cards, such as ISO/IEC 10536-1 [1992, Identification Cards, Contactless IC Cards, Part 1: Physical Characteristics (first edition)]. Interested parties can refer to the relevant information.
The contactless IC card has the following features compared to the contact IC card:
Contactless communication does not have mechanical contact wear, which greatly improves the reliability of the application;
Because there is no contact communication, it is not necessary to insert and remove the card, which greatly improves the speed of each use;
Multiple non-contact IC cards can be operated at the same time, which improves the parallelism of the application and virtually improves the system working speed;
Because there is no contact communication, there is no mechanical contact on the card, which is convenient for card printing, improves the reliability of the card, and is more beautiful;
Because of this, the contactless IC card is very suitable for some applications where the previous contact IC card cannot or is difficult to meet the requirements, such as the public electric car automatic ticketing system, which greatly advances the application of the IC card in breadth and depth. .
Application form of contactless IC card
1 Highway automatic toll collection system The system is equipped with a pager, an automatic tracking camera and an information processing system at the highway toll station. The car is equipped with a contactless IC card (ie, a transponder) as a road payment card, which stores driver information, vehicle information, related accounts or cash amounts, and the like. The specific working process is:
The car enters the pager work area at a certain speed, and the payment card system receives the wireless signal of the pager;
The payment card system processes the toll according to the received signal (such as subtracting a certain amount of cash from the payment card) and transmits the feedback information to the pager;
The pager checks the received feedback information and makes a judgment. If the charge is normal, it is released. Otherwise, the automatic tracking camera is activated to take the license plate and transmit it to the information integrated processing system together with related information (time, etc.). Then inform the relevant vehicle management department (a fine for the vehicle, etc.).
Depending on the circumstances, the payment card can be issued by a unified traffic management department; it can also be issued by a road toll management department. The pay card is issued for the connected vehicle and can also be issued for the driver.
In addition, because the working distance of the contactless IC card is limited, a transponder that can work remotely is installed on the motor vehicle, and the charging card communicates with the transponder. At this time, the contact card can also use the contact IC card, but its overall working principle and working process are very similar. The working principle of the system is shown in Figure 5. Compared with most existing highway toll collection systems, the system has the following characteristics:
Non-stop charging speeds up the charging speed and improves road utilization;
Safe and reliable work;
Simple management;
It has laid a good technical foundation for the future intelligent vehicle road management system.
At present, some countries such as the United States and France have already or are in the process of using the system. It is believed that this system will also have broad application prospects in China.
2 Public electric car automatic ticketing system
Countries around the world have been looking for a technical system that can better complete the automatic ticketing of public electric cars. Previously, a system causing a system such as a magnetic card (magnetic stripe) system has serious defects and eventually has to be stopped. Especially in China, due to poor environmental conditions, low quality of personnel and abnormal traffic congestion, it is even more difficult to use the charging system that is generally more effective in foreign countries. The disadvantages of the usual charging system are:
The charging speed is too slow and the bus is blocked due to the inability to charge in parallel. This not only makes the public electric car company love unnecessary losses due to the reduction of the number of operations, but also makes the passengers complain:
Frequent mechanical contact makes the reading and writing equipment on the vehicle very easy to damage, resulting in high maintenance costs and frequent maintenance, which greatly affects normal operations;
Because the vehicle is shaking violently, it often causes misuse of charges, and even damages the charging card or charging equipment;
Poor internal environment of the vehicle, resulting in the charging card and charging equipment often can not work reliably; and so on.
The contactless IC card charging system can solve the above problems well, which not only enables the bus company to improve management, improve efficiency, but also greatly facilitates passengers.
Legic non-contact smart card and chip technical parameters
1. Non-contact smart card technical parameters
1.1. Size: 54mmX86mmX0.81mm
1.2. Capacity: 22byte
256byte
1kbyte
8kbyte
1.3. Read and write time: read operation 5ms/byte read operation 2.5ms/byte
Write operation 20ms/byte write operation 5ms/byte
1.4. Material: PVC engineering materials
1.5. Lifespan: 100,000 write operations, read operations, infinite read and write operations, data storage for 10 years
1.6. Environment: Working temperature -20 °c----70°c
Storage temperature -30 °c----80°c
2. Non-contact smart card internal partition
The non-contact smart card is divided into two parts: System Area (CDF) User Area (ADF)
System area: used by card manufacturers and system developers and card issuers.
User area: used to store information about the cardholder.
2.1. System area structure:
The system area contains a total of 9 bytes, the distribution of which is shown in Table 1:
Byte No Addr Bit Abbreviation
1 0 0---7 MCD
2---4 1.2.3 0---23 MSN
5 4 0---7 MCC
6---7 5,6 0---15 DCF
8 7 0---6 WRC/WRP
8 7 7 RD
9 8 0---7 SSC
Description:
(1) MCD Manufacture Code. 1 byte, storing the value 00H---FFH, usually the number of the patent holder. It is factory-set and cannot be changed.
(2) MSN Manufacture Serial No. 3 bytes Valid value: 224 = 16,777,215 (for each MCD), factory set, cannot be replaced.
(3) MCC Manufacture check character 1 byte
MCD
MSN
MSN
MSN
MCC
(4) DCF Decremental field Two bytes, can only be decremented, used for patent authorization
(5) WRP Write protect Byte8 Bit0---3
Wrc Write Conelifion Byte8 Bit4---6
WRP is used to protect those user areas from repeated write operations.
WRC for password area
SSC
ADF1
ADF2
Note: can only be written once, can not be changed
(6)RD Read Disable Byte8 Bit7
RD=0 Any WRU can be read
RD=1 Only the authorized WRC, the contents of the password area determined by the WRC
The CHIPS password corresponds to the solution.
(7) SSC System Supplier Code 1 byte patent number area 00H---FFH
Non-contact smart card reader technical performance
The LEGIC non-contact smart card reader has the following technical specifications:
(1) EEPROM read/write memory
(2) 512K expandable power-off protection memory
(3) LCD glare visible LCD Chinese display
(4) Keyboard query
(5) RS/232, 485 communication interface
(6) 8 I/O entrances and exits
(7) Induction wire frequency 13.56MHZ
(8) Induction and reading distance 10cm---70cm
(9) Antenna
(10) Amplifier distance can be increased to 20m
Non-contact smart card security policy and information security technology
A smart card is a medium that stores important information. The security technology provided by the smart card must be to ensure the security of the information. So, what exactly does the security of information contain?
In general, the security of information should have at least the following:
* Confidentiality: Prevent unauthorized access to information
* Integrity: Prevent unauthorized information changes (delete, increase)
* Accessibility: Prevent unauthorized interception of information (illegal interception during information flow)
In fact, the security technology of non-contact IC cards is mainly proposed and implemented based on the above points.
1. Since the card and the reader are wireless frequency, but it is a variable method, that is, each communication process has a random variable function, so the outside world wants to analyze the parameters of the system through the radio receiver will be extremely difficult.
2. Cards and readers must be strictly authorized before they can be used. It is impossible for any illegal user to obtain the information in the card.
3. Since each card has a 32-bit independent card number, which is formed during the processing of the chip, it is unique and the system area in the card has an encryption algorithm check. Therefore, forgery cards are also impossible.
4. The user area in the card can be set to several cells according to user requirements, and each cell can be set with a password.
Introduction to several inductive smart cards
In the smart card family, the inductive smart card has high capacity and high reliability (avoiding the influence of foreign objects due to mechanical contact) and security, easy operation and long life (up to 100,000 times of reading and writing) The characteristics of more and more attention in various smart card application projects, coupled with the steady decline in prices, the inductive smart card is gradually replacing the status of contact smart cards, thus becoming the mainstream in smart card applications, widely used in urban public Traffic, highway automatic tolls, intelligent buildings, various public tolls, intelligent community property management, attendance access control management, campus and factory card and conference sign-in and other systems.
At present, there are many inductive smart cards that are recognized as successful and widely used in the world. Among them, the public in China are more familiar with the following:
1, Philip Mifare non-contact IC card (accounting for more than 60% of the world's similar smart card sales, there are three models MifareRight, MifareI and MifareROF):
Working frequency: 13.56MHZ
Data retention period: 10 years operation time: 96ms
Reading and writing distance: 2.5-10cm
Storage capacity: 8Kbit
Size: 85.6x54x0.76mm
Memory Type: EEPROM
Operating environment temperature: -20 ° C -50 ° C
Multiple application areas: 16 zones to save ambient temperature: -20 ° C -50 ° C
Manufacturer serial number: 32bit, the only relative humidity: 90%
Number of card writes: 100,000 times or more Material: PVC2
US Atmel's Temic5550, 5560 RF card 55505560
Memory capacity: 264bits320bits
Read and write features: readable and writable, readable, readable and writable, encrypted working carrier: 125khz125khz
Coding method: BIN, FSK, PSKManchesterManchesterBI-PHASE
Baud rate: 1\8\16\32\40\50\601\32\64
Modulation method: AMAM write time\block: <=16ms<=16ms
Divide fast: 810
Reading and writing distance: >3-10cm>3-10cm3,
TimeCOS CPU: 8-bit secure processor ROM: 8K bytes of RAM: 256K bytes
EEPROM: 1K2K4K8K16K byte clock frequency: 3.57MHz4.91MHz
Wiping life: more than 100.000 erasing times: 1/2/4/8/16 bytes, erasing and writing time are 5.28/5.31/5.38/5.52/5.8 milliseconds respectively Data retention time: 10 years working voltage: 5 volts operating current: less than 10 mA sleep mode: When the TimeCOS waits to receive a command, it is in state sleep, the maximum current is 200 micro amps: -25°C-70°C
Communication protocol: T=0 or T=1
Communication speed: 9600 bits/second at 3.57MHz, or 9600 bits/second at 38400 bits/second 4.91Mhz, or 76800 bits/second
In addition, Switzerland's Legic card and Israel's Audian are well-known brands that have entered the Chinese market earlier and have been widely used.
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