Second, all aspects of color management in the party newspaper printing
Color management is the quality control of the nine links in the production process of color newspaper printing. Specifically, quality control is performed on nine levels of discrimination of a document, correction of a screen, correction of a scanner, correction of an image, overall layout of a layout color, layout proofing, film outputting, imprint proofing, and printing.
1. The first level: the identification of the original
When we get a picture, we can basically judge the quality of the picture according to the definition, but this is not enough. The picture quality is good or bad, including the contents of the picture clarity, level, reduction and many other technical parameters. Choosing a good picture is the basis for the color separation of the picture, and it is the basis for printing reduction. It is directly related to the quality of printing. Different manuscripts have different handling methods for different manuscripts, but the key to the selection of manuscripts is to be clear, distinct, and well-themed, so that the effect of printing will be bright and prominent.
2. The second level: screen correction
The screen is the channel that leads us into the color world and is our window for accurate analysis and judgment of colors. The screen has a long life, and it is prone to ageing after a long period of use. This causes color casts, distortions, and unclear and inaccurate displays. This often causes great inconvenience to the staff handling the pictures. Therefore, the calibration screen is a key step in color management.
3. Third Aspect: Scanner Calibration
Scanning is the first step in file input. The scanner must first be calibrated. This is the basis for the correctness of the image output. The use of a standard ash ladder can correct the scanner's uneven color cast and uneven tone distribution. The correction of color cast is by adjusting the highlight, midtone and dark tone data in each single channel of red, green, and blue, so that the value in each gray scale is R=G=B, or approximately equal (the difference is not greater than 3 ). The adjustment of the tone distribution is to control the dark, highlight, and midtone values ​​so that the RGB values ​​in the gray ladder are controlled within a certain standard range.
4. Fourth level: image correction
After the image is scanned, image processing is generally performed. The purpose of the processing is to make the image more faithful to the original or even higher than the original after printing. There are many applications currently used for image processing and support for color management, of which the ICC profile is used to manage colors the most popular.
Due to factors such as the printing press, ink, and the technical level of the printing workers, the same documents will have different effects on printing in different newspapers. Therefore, images should be standardized according to their own characteristics. First of all, we should first understand the specific printing ink used in the color cast situation, in particular, cyan, magenta, yellow ink are biased to what kind of color, quantitative is how much. The cyan, magenta, and yellow three-color inks are the complementary colors of the three primary colors. The ideal three-primary inks should absorb one-third of the spectrum of the white light spectrum and reflect the other two-thirds of the spectrum. However, in practice, this This kind of ideal ink is not existent, because the ink absorbs the two parts of light inconsistently, resulting in grayscale. When printing under certain conditions, the three primary inks are overprinted in a certain proportion to obtain a visually neutral gray color, which is called gray balance. Using gray balance can determine a variety of different colors. Each newspaper can make gray balance of different data according to actual production conditions to correct color cast.
The image processing process should be adapted to the characteristics of color separation and color plate making, limit a certain range of colors, and correct the color cast of the image to achieve the best printing effect. Image processing is mainly divided into the following steps:
(1) Separation of color settings Different types of manuscripts are classified, and the level, color distribution, and picture characteristics of the manuscript are established. The purpose and requirements of the processing are clearly defined, and the contents of the different layouts are combined to provide different processing methods.
(2) The setting of black and white fields The black and white fields are the starting point and the ending point of the tone. Due to the limitation of the printing properties of newsprint, the whiteness and the degree of ink of the paper are much lower than that of coated paper. It is compressed within a certain range. In order to improve the printing effect without affecting the subject image, black and white fields must be set.
(3) Adjustment of tone levels After setting the black and white fields, the range of the tone of the image is shortened, and the sense of layering of the picture is reduced. In order to open the hierarchy, draw up contrasts, and adjust the ratio of high, medium and low-key, we can adjust the curve to make the image color distribution even and smooth.
(4) The adjustment of the color From the printing characteristics of newsprint, the overprinting of oil will darken the color, plus the grayscale and color cast of the newsprint itself will affect the overall layout of the printing effect, so in dealing with In the process of image, the purity of color should be increased as much as possible.
(5) Overall Retouching Good images must be embedded on a good layout to show their effect. A good layout should not only be enriched in content, but also be considered in terms of layout and polish to make overall plans.
5. The fifth level: the overall layout layout color
The layout of the layout and the rational use of color require the production staff to have a certain basic knowledge of printing and artistic vision. The selection of news pages is generally dignified and steady. Casual color selection is generally easier and brighter. The color of the background color should be light, mainly in monochrome or double color, the background color of three or more colors should be used as little as possible, and the color background should be more than 4%. Otherwise, it will be easy to net when printing, and the gray background is generally below 10%. Otherwise, it will appear as if the guests are out of control, and the layout will be too dark and unclean.
6. Level 6: Layout Proofing
The well-designed layout has finally been completed, and we can demonstrate its effectiveness through proofing. Digital printing adopts advanced color management software to simulate printing conditions, use high-quality paper and ink similar to printing ink, and the results of the proofing show approximately the printing effect, providing reference for front-end screen display, color processing, and back-end printing. In addition, digital proofing also has the advantages of high printing speed, stable proof quality, good color simulation, high efficiency, and new technology. Using digital proofing to change the appearance of blind printing in the past, display the printing results in advance, help the printing factory and the prepress system establish a unified color management standard, and play an important role in the color management process. It has become the trend of printing technology development. In order to provide the conditions for CTP direct plate making technology, the process of standardizing color management in the printing industry was promoted.
7. Level 7: Out of Film
Of course, in the prepress production process of newspapers, the final product that outputs graphic information is not proofing, but should be attributed to the color separation film. Therefore, the quality control of the color separation film is a key part of color management. The quality of the color separation film is based on the gray value and the density value. Both values ​​can be measured by a densitometer. If you do not have the instrument at hand, you can also look at the light and carefully observe whether the darkest part of the film is light-transmitting. If there is any small point, the quality of the film is off.
8. Eighth dimension: imposition and printing
Imposition and printing are the preparatory work before printing, and it is the last link of the prepress process. The key to make-up and copying is the accuracy of the alignment and the resistance of the PS version.
The party newspaper is a product with strong political and timeliness. It must not be mistaken in spelling, misspelling, and reversed order when making a block. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly implement the system of checking and printing samples, otherwise it will cause incalculable losses.
9. The ninth level: Printing Most of the newspaper printing industry in China adopts a rotary glue machine. Mechanical parts must be inspected frequently to prevent quality problems caused by wear. The color is registered according to the register line and the color image, and the ink is adjusted according to the color of the header character, the gray reduction, the color cast of the color image, and the like.
Digital proofing and CTP direct plate making are the fastest-growing areas of technology in recent years and have now been adopted by many newspapers. With the popularization of information, people are no longer unfamiliar with this new content. After practical tests, the advantages of CTP direct plate making technology have become increasingly apparent. However, the cost of equipment investment in this process is relatively high, and the general newspaper office has not yet adopted it. However, as the society continues to advance and the demand for newspaper industry continues to increase, the technology has become a newspaper office. Development trend. However, whether it is the use of traditional techniques or other modern technologies, color management is always in place. With reasonable use, the goal of reducing production costs, shortening the production cycle, and increasing production efficiency can be achieved.
Color management is the quality control of the nine links in the production process of color newspaper printing. Specifically, quality control is performed on nine levels of discrimination of a document, correction of a screen, correction of a scanner, correction of an image, overall layout of a layout color, layout proofing, film outputting, imprint proofing, and printing.
1. The first level: the identification of the original
When we get a picture, we can basically judge the quality of the picture according to the definition, but this is not enough. The picture quality is good or bad, including the contents of the picture clarity, level, reduction and many other technical parameters. Choosing a good picture is the basis for the color separation of the picture, and it is the basis for printing reduction. It is directly related to the quality of printing. Different manuscripts have different handling methods for different manuscripts, but the key to the selection of manuscripts is to be clear, distinct, and well-themed, so that the effect of printing will be bright and prominent.
2. The second level: screen correction
The screen is the channel that leads us into the color world and is our window for accurate analysis and judgment of colors. The screen has a long life, and it is prone to ageing after a long period of use. This causes color casts, distortions, and unclear and inaccurate displays. This often causes great inconvenience to the staff handling the pictures. Therefore, the calibration screen is a key step in color management.
3. Third Aspect: Scanner Calibration
Scanning is the first step in file input. The scanner must first be calibrated. This is the basis for the correctness of the image output. The use of a standard ash ladder can correct the scanner's uneven color cast and uneven tone distribution. The correction of color cast is by adjusting the highlight, midtone and dark tone data in each single channel of red, green, and blue, so that the value in each gray scale is R=G=B, or approximately equal (the difference is not greater than 3 ). The adjustment of the tone distribution is to control the dark, highlight, and midtone values ​​so that the RGB values ​​in the gray ladder are controlled within a certain standard range.
4. Fourth level: image correction
After the image is scanned, image processing is generally performed. The purpose of the processing is to make the image more faithful to the original or even higher than the original after printing. There are many applications currently used for image processing and support for color management, of which the ICC profile is used to manage colors the most popular.
Due to factors such as the printing press, ink, and the technical level of the printing workers, the same documents will have different effects on printing in different newspapers. Therefore, images should be standardized according to their own characteristics. First of all, we should first understand the specific printing ink used in the color cast situation, in particular, cyan, magenta, yellow ink are biased to what kind of color, quantitative is how much. The cyan, magenta, and yellow three-color inks are the complementary colors of the three primary colors. The ideal three-primary inks should absorb one-third of the spectrum of the white light spectrum and reflect the other two-thirds of the spectrum. However, in practice, this This kind of ideal ink is not existent, because the ink absorbs the two parts of light inconsistently, resulting in grayscale. When printing under certain conditions, the three primary inks are overprinted in a certain proportion to obtain a visually neutral gray color, which is called gray balance. Using gray balance can determine a variety of different colors. Each newspaper can make gray balance of different data according to actual production conditions to correct color cast.
The image processing process should be adapted to the characteristics of color separation and color plate making, limit a certain range of colors, and correct the color cast of the image to achieve the best printing effect. Image processing is mainly divided into the following steps:
(1) Separation of color settings Different types of manuscripts are classified, and the level, color distribution, and picture characteristics of the manuscript are established. The purpose and requirements of the processing are clearly defined, and the contents of the different layouts are combined to provide different processing methods.
(2) The setting of black and white fields The black and white fields are the starting point and the ending point of the tone. Due to the limitation of the printing properties of newsprint, the whiteness and the degree of ink of the paper are much lower than that of coated paper. It is compressed within a certain range. In order to improve the printing effect without affecting the subject image, black and white fields must be set.
(3) Adjustment of tone levels After setting the black and white fields, the range of the tone of the image is shortened, and the sense of layering of the picture is reduced. In order to open the hierarchy, draw up contrasts, and adjust the ratio of high, medium and low-key, we can adjust the curve to make the image color distribution even and smooth.
(4) The adjustment of the color From the printing characteristics of newsprint, the overprinting of oil will darken the color, plus the grayscale and color cast of the newsprint itself will affect the overall layout of the printing effect, so in dealing with In the process of image, the purity of color should be increased as much as possible.
(5) Overall Retouching Good images must be embedded on a good layout to show their effect. A good layout should not only be enriched in content, but also be considered in terms of layout and polish to make overall plans.
5. The fifth level: the overall layout layout color
The layout of the layout and the rational use of color require the production staff to have a certain basic knowledge of printing and artistic vision. The selection of news pages is generally dignified and steady. Casual color selection is generally easier and brighter. The color of the background color should be light, mainly in monochrome or double color, the background color of three or more colors should be used as little as possible, and the color background should be more than 4%. Otherwise, it will be easy to net when printing, and the gray background is generally below 10%. Otherwise, it will appear as if the guests are out of control, and the layout will be too dark and unclean.
6. Level 6: Layout Proofing
The well-designed layout has finally been completed, and we can demonstrate its effectiveness through proofing. Digital printing adopts advanced color management software to simulate printing conditions, use high-quality paper and ink similar to printing ink, and the results of the proofing show approximately the printing effect, providing reference for front-end screen display, color processing, and back-end printing. In addition, digital proofing also has the advantages of high printing speed, stable proof quality, good color simulation, high efficiency, and new technology. Using digital proofing to change the appearance of blind printing in the past, display the printing results in advance, help the printing factory and the prepress system establish a unified color management standard, and play an important role in the color management process. It has become the trend of printing technology development. In order to provide the conditions for CTP direct plate making technology, the process of standardizing color management in the printing industry was promoted.
7. Level 7: Out of Film
Of course, in the prepress production process of newspapers, the final product that outputs graphic information is not proofing, but should be attributed to the color separation film. Therefore, the quality control of the color separation film is a key part of color management. The quality of the color separation film is based on the gray value and the density value. Both values ​​can be measured by a densitometer. If you do not have the instrument at hand, you can also look at the light and carefully observe whether the darkest part of the film is light-transmitting. If there is any small point, the quality of the film is off.
8. Eighth dimension: imposition and printing
Imposition and printing are the preparatory work before printing, and it is the last link of the prepress process. The key to make-up and copying is the accuracy of the alignment and the resistance of the PS version.
The party newspaper is a product with strong political and timeliness. It must not be mistaken in spelling, misspelling, and reversed order when making a block. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly implement the system of checking and printing samples, otherwise it will cause incalculable losses.
9. The ninth level: Printing Most of the newspaper printing industry in China adopts a rotary glue machine. Mechanical parts must be inspected frequently to prevent quality problems caused by wear. The color is registered according to the register line and the color image, and the ink is adjusted according to the color of the header character, the gray reduction, the color cast of the color image, and the like.
Digital proofing and CTP direct plate making are the fastest-growing areas of technology in recent years and have now been adopted by many newspapers. With the popularization of information, people are no longer unfamiliar with this new content. After practical tests, the advantages of CTP direct plate making technology have become increasingly apparent. However, the cost of equipment investment in this process is relatively high, and the general newspaper office has not yet adopted it. However, as the society continues to advance and the demand for newspaper industry continues to increase, the technology has become a newspaper office. Development trend. However, whether it is the use of traditional techniques or other modern technologies, color management is always in place. With reasonable use, the goal of reducing production costs, shortening the production cycle, and increasing production efficiency can be achieved.
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